Bio book outline

All organisms in the forest Population- Group of relatable monkeys , all Individuals In a single area Organism; ring tailed lemur an Individual living thing Organ system- Nervous system ,nervous system controls Its actions, organs working getter. Organ- made up of, similar cells that performs a specific function tissue Cell-fundamental unit of life Organelle- membrane enclosed structure that performs a specific function Molecule- cluster of small chemical units atoms held together by molecular bond Deoxyribonucleic acid CHI. Matter- anything that occupies space and has mass Element- a substance that can't be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means. 92 elements Compound-two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. More common than lone elements. Trace elements- in the body only make up about 0. 04% of your body weight but vital for energy processing. Electrons- two revolve on an orbital(discrete volume of space where E are found) around the nucleus at a bout the speed of light.Move around the nucleus only at specific energy levels called Electron Shells Protons + Neutrons = Mass # The number of ejectors In an atoms outer valence shell determines Its overall chemical properties. Atomic number-the first number (number of protons) particles and energy. Medical diagnosis and treatment: Used to tag chemicals that accumulate in the body Phosphorous in bones, inject a tracer isotope. PET scanner produces an image of where the radiation collects, Shimmers patient. Deposits of plaque in the brain beta-myeloid show up on PET.This test allows researchers to monitor the effectiveness of new drugs on people. Orbital- 1. Each ring can only have 2 electrons, 2. 2nd and 3rd ring: four orbital, Outer ring can hold 8 3. Number of electrons increases from left to right per. Table Valence Shell- Number of electrons on outermost ring. Determines an atoms. Chemical properties. Valence number; number of additional electrons needed to fill the threshold, bonding capacity Chemical Bonds: two atoms with incomplete tortoiseshells react and donate electrons to complete their outer shells.Covalent Bond; two atoms share one or more pairs of outer shells. TWO or more atoms that share this bond are called Molecule. Electronegative- an toms attraction for shared electrons. Unpopular covalent bonds- electrons shared evenly between atoms. When atoms of a molecule equally pull on electrons. Happens in molecules of same elements. Methane also has a unpopular bond because carbon and hydrogen atoms rant that different. 02, H2O Polar covalent bonds- Molecules with different electromagnetisms attract.The unequal sharing of electrons, pulling shared negatively charges closer to a the more electronegative atom. H2O 0 Oxygen is slightly negative and Hydrogen slightly positive. Unequal sharing of electrons. Polar Molecule- polar covalent bond and V shape molecule. Slightly unequal distribution of charges. Slightly negative points at the V. H2O 0 Slightl y positive on hydrogen, points to the O Ion- an atom or molecule with an electrical charge due to gain or loss of one or more electrons. 1 Two ions with opposite charges attract catheter. When the attraction holds together its an Ionic Bond.Salt- sodium chloride Nasal, crystals in nature. Sodium chloride always 1;1 ratio. An Hydrogen Bond- a weaker bond that holds together briefly than separates. The charged regions in each water molecule are attracted to opposite lay charged regions on neighbor molecules. Because the positively charged region in this bond is always a hydrogen atom it gets its name. Each hydrogen of a water molecule can form a hydrogen bond with a nearby partial negative oxygen of another water molecule. Can bond to as many as 4 partners. Heat absorbed when they break, heat is released when they form. When it cools) Overarching Theme: The structures of atoms and molecules determines the way they behave. Reactant- Starting materials to the left of the arrow Product- to the right , results from chemical reaction. Cohesion-the tendency for molecules of the same kid to stick together. The evaporation of water is an upward force on the water within a leaf. Adhesion- the clinging of one substance to another. Counters the downward pull of gravity, water sticking to the veins of a plant. Surface tension- the measure of how difficult it is to break or stretch the surface of a liquid.Hydrogen bonds gig water an unusually high surface tension Evaporative Cooling- When a substance evaporates and the surface of the liquid that mains cools down. The molecules with the greatest energy leave. Solution- A uniform mixture of two or more substances. The dissolving agent is the Solvent (water) and a substance that is dissolved (salt) is the solute. Aqueous Solution- where water is the solvent. How salt mixes with water. The partial negative Oxygen in H2O is attracted to the slightly positive An+ sodium ions and the slightly positive hydrogen ions are attracted to the slightly negative chloride CLC- Dissociate-break apart into ions.Hydrogen ions H+ and Hydroxide OH- re very reactive. Some chemicals contribute H=, some remove. A impound that donates H+ to solutions is Acid- has a higher concentration of H+ them from a solution. More basic solution has higher hydroxide OH- and lower hydrogen H+. PH scale- potential odd hydrogen. O most acidic, 14 most basic. Each unit represents a lox times change. PH 2 has lox more H+ than pH 3. 7 is equal. PH of blood plasma is about 7. 4 Buffers-biological substances that minimize changes in PH. Blood buffers acid more than water. Acid Rain- precipitation with pH lower than 5. Ocean acidification- dissolving CA in seawater lowers oceans PH. CA reacts with water to create carbonic acid. Calcification, how some organism produce shells. Heat- the amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of water. Temperature- measures the intensity of the heat. The average speed of molecul es rather than the total amount of heat. Chapter 3. The molecules of cells (crabs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid) Variety of polymers makes up for uniqueness of species. Living organisms built from the same 20 amino acids.Small molecules common to all are ordered into large molecules which vary from species to species. Carbon is attached to almost all molecules a cell makes and is unparalleled in its ability to form large and complex molecules. Organic Compounds- carbon-based compounds, Carbon has 4 electrons on the valence shell that holds 8, room for 4 covalent bonds. A great connecting point to line up 4 different directions. Hydrocarbons- compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon. Methane, and propane are hydrocarbon fuels. Carbon skeleton- chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule.Can be branched or unbranded May include double bonds and some are in rings. Isomers- Compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements. Some molecules can have the same n umber of atoms, but have different three emotional shapes because of the location of the double bond. Sometimes harmful effects. One isomer of methamphetamine is the addictive illegal drug. The other is medicine for sinus congestion. The shape of a molecule determines the it functions in the body. Different shapes of isomers result in unique properties and greatly add to diversity of organic molecules.Hydrophilic- water loving, soluble in water. The first 5 functional groups act this way. Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carbonyl, amino, phosphate. Groups, hydroxyl, amino, and phosphate don't contain Carbon 1 . Hydroxyl- hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen, then binned to carbon skeleton. Alcohols. 2. Carbonyl- carbon atom linked with double bond to oxygen. If carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton its an allayed. If its within the chain it is called a ketene. 3. Carbonyl- carbon double bond to an oxygen atom and also a hydroxyl group.Carboxylic acids. Acetic acid like vinegar. 4. Amino gr oup-nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen and the carbon skeleton. Iconic compounds with an amino group are called Amines. The building blocks of proteins are called amino acids. They contain an amino and carbonyl group. 5. Phosphate group- phosphorous bonded to 4 oxygen atoms. Compounds with hostage groups are called organic phosphates- involved in energy transfer TAP. 6. Methyl group- Consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen. Compounds with methyl groups are called mentholated compounds.Macromolecules- crabs, proteins, nucleic acids might be gigantic, thousands of atoms. Polymers- Chains of smaller molecules. Consists of many identical or similar building blocks. Dehydration Reaction, a reaction that removes a molecule of water. Cells link monomers to make polymers this way. Links two monomers together Hydrolysis- the breaking down of macromolecules, digesting polymers to make monomers available. In digestion, the proteins are broken down into amino acids by hydrolysis, new protein s are formed in your body cells from these monomers in dehydration reactions.Both dehydration and hydrolysis require enzymes- specialized macromolecules that speed of the chemical reaction in cells. Proteins- are built of only 20 amino acids, DNA is built from Just 4 kinds of monomers called Nucleotides Carbohydrate- a class of molecules ranging from small sugar macroeconomics, to large polysaccharide Crab monomers are monsoons ( single sugars) glucose and fructose Disaccharide- cells construct one of these from two incarcerations by dehydration action. Sucrose most common, (glucose linked to fructose) from sugarcane and sugar beets.Maltose also common, beer, malted milk, High fructose corn syrup- the missionaries of sucrose Polysaccharide- are macromolecules, thousands of monomaniacs linked together by dehydration reactions. Glycogen, and cellulose. Starch- Storage polysaccharide in plants of all glucose monomers. Bans from which plant cells gather glucose for energy. Glycogen- ani mals store glucose this way, a different polysaccharide. Stored in your liver and muscle cells. Cellulose- tough walls that surround the cell, most abundant compound.Not a nutrient for humans because animals can't hydrology the linkages. The cellulose that phosphorous the body unchanged is called insoluble fiber. Bath tools are mostly cellulose, very hydrophilic absorbs water because of hydroxyl groups. Chitin- another polysaccharide used by insects and crustaceans to build their cells, Both starch and cellulose and polymers of glucose but have different shaped bonds. Starch is for sugar storage, cellulose is a structural polysaccharide that is the main material of the plant cell wall.Lipids- diverse compounds grouped together because of one trait: they don't mix ell in water. Hydrogen and carbon linked by unpopular covalent bonds. Lipids are Hydrophobic- water fearing Fat- a large lipid made up of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol an local with three carbons, ea ch with a hydroxyl group (OH-). + a hydrocarbon chain (16-18 carbon atoms in Engel) the unpopular hydrocarbon is why fats are hydrophobic. Unsaturated fatty acid- has one fewer hydrogen atom on each carbon of the double bond.Saturated Fatty acids- Fatty acids with no double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain that have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Corn Oil, Olive oil, vegetable oil. Trans Fats- When you see hydrogenated vegetable oil, unsaturated fats have been converted to saturated fats by adding hydrogen. Health risks, contribute to cardiovascular disease plaque, Omega-3 acids protect A monounsaturated fat has fatty acid with a single double bond in its carbon chain. A Polyunsaturated fat has a fatty acid with several double bonds.Phosphoric- major component of cell membranes. Contain only two fatty acids attached to glycerol instead of three. Hydrophilic phosphate on one end and hydrophobic fatty acids on the other trap water inside, the membrane. Steroids- are lipids with four fused carbon skeleton rings. Cholesterol- common in animal cell membranes, starting material for making steroids and sex hormones. Proteins-a polymer arrangement of 20 amino acids 20 amino monomers. Amino Acids- all have an amino group and a carbonyl group, which makes it acid.Peptide Bond- Cells Join amino acids together In a dehydration reaction that that links the carbonyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next amino acid as a water molecule is removed. Both depicted and disaccharide the monomers are Joined by dehydration reactions. Denomination- polypeptide chains unravel loosing their specific shape and function The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape, which is lost when protein denatures. A proteins shape depends on four levels of structure Primary Structure- is its unique sequence of amino acids Secondary- Coiling of a polypeptide into local patterns..Cooling of the polypeptide chain in a secondary structure called an ALPHA HE LIX, leads to a BETA PLEATED SHEATH. Tertiary- the overall three dimensional shape of a polypeptide, determines the function of a protein. Quaternary structure- two or more polypeptide chains one macromolecule. Collagen, a fibrous protein with three helical polypeptides intertwined into a larger ripple helix. Incorrectly folded proteins = alchemies and Parkinson. If a genetic mutation changes the primary structure of a protein, how might this destroy the protein functions?The amino acid sequence affects the secondary structure, which affects the tertiary, then the quarterly, Thus the primary structure determines the shape of a protein, its function depends on shape. A chaos could eliminate function. Nucleic Acids Gene- the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a discrete unit of reticence. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two polymers called nucleic acid. One of the too polymers called Nucleic acid. Provided direction for its own replication, as a cell divides its genetic instructions are passed to each daughter cell.RNA- ribonucleic acid, illustrates the main roles of the SE two types of nucleic acids the production of proteins. A gene directs the synthesis of an RNA molecule. RNA cell. Translates nucleic acid language into protein language Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides Nucleotides- the monomers that make up nucleic acids. Each contain 3 parts, At the center a five carbon sugar, negatively charged phosphate group, nitrogenous base. Each DNA nucleotide has one of four nitrogenous bases, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, ND Guanine. RNA contains, GAG U racial instead of thymine.

Litrature Review on Fii’s Impact on Indian Banking Sector

Women Empowerment in India Women empowerment in India is a challenging task as we need to acknowledge the fact that gender based discrimination is a deep rooted social malice practiced in India in many forms since thousands of years. The malice is not going to go away in a few years or for that matter by attempting to work at it through half-hearted attempts. Formulating laws and policies are not enough as it is seen that most of the times these laws and policies just remain on paper. The ground situation on the other hand just remains the same and in many instances worsens further. Addressing the malice of gender discrimination and women empowerment in India is long drawn battle against powerful structural forces of the society which are against women's growth and development. Women empowerment in India: The need for ground level actions We have to accept the fact that things are not going to change overnight but because of this we cannot stop taking action either. At this juncture the most important step is to initiate ground level actions however small it might seem. The ground level actions should be focussed towards changing the social attitude and practices prevalent in the society which are highly biased against women. This can be initiated by working with the women at the root level and focusing on increasing women's access and control over resources and increasing their control over decision making. Further working on the aspect of enhanced mobility and social interaction of women in the society would positively influence all round development and empowerment of women in India. Women empowerment in India: Reality check at the ground level Today there are lot of things that is happening in the name of women empowerment in India and lot of resources are spent in this direction. Keeping this in mind it is crucial to have a reality check on what is happening on paper and what is the actual ground situation. It is worthwhile to ponder on the fact that we are one of the worst in terms of worldwide gender equality rankings. In India women are discriminated and marginalized at every level of the society whether it is social participation, economic opportunity and economic participation, political participation, access to education or access to nutrition and reproductive health care. A significant few in the society still consider women as sex objects. Gender disparity is high, crimes against women are increasing and violence against women is all time high and in most cases go unreported. Dowry related problems and death is increasing and is profoundly manifesting in the urban population. Workplace harassment of women is another phenomenon which is rapidly increasing as more women join the workforce. Early age marriages are still taking place in large numbers and the number of girls going to school is abysmally low. Moreover majority of the girls who join the school drop out by the age of puberty to get married and live a life of drudgery. Female feticide and infanticide is starring the nation as one of the biggest social crisis. All this is happening despite the fact that there are number of programmes and policy initiatives that is being run by the government and other bodies. The year 2001 was declared as the National policy for empowerment of women. So it is time to ask the question whether we are moving in the right direction and where are we in terms of the paper actions and the actual ground realities. Women empowerment in India: Discrimination against women in all walks of life One of the major aspects of women empowerment in India is to change the attitude of society towards women. The problem in India is that the society never worked on the premise of gender equality from a long-long time. Atrocities and discrimination against women is a way of daily life in Indian society. There is an attitude which still prevails in India where women are considered to be only worthwhile of household activities and managing the children. The veil system, child marriage and dowry are testimonies to this truth. Women have never been part of the mainstream society in India and they are still considered as a great liability. If we just look at the sex ratio it will show the plight of women in India. It is the lowest at around 933. Female literacy is just 54. 6 % as per 2001 Census. In Indian parliament and assemblies women have never represented more than 10%. Most of the women workers in India are outside the organized sector. Administrators, managers, professionals combined together and technical workers on the other hand are the lowest at 2. 3% and 20 % respectively. Now these figures gives the real truth of the actual mentality of the society which has restricted women, marginalized w omen and discriminated against women quite openly. Can we achieve women empowerment in India with these alarming and dismal figures? djustments and sharing of gender based specific performance or tasks which are Women empowerment in India: Ending gender inequality and gender bias It has to be understood that unless we change the basic social attitude which cultivates gender inequality and gender bias we would not be able to achieve much in terms of women empowerment in India. There are many laws and there have been many amendments that have been carried out to end the discrimination against women and empower women in all aspects of life. Gender equality is enshrined in Indian constitution and constitution empowers the state to end the gender based discrimination against women. There is reservation of seats in local bodies and municipalities and another law is being envisioned for reservation in parliament. But the sad part is that all these laws and amendments have become toothless as the fundamental problems lies in the attitude of the society which is highly biased against women. Now what is the solution? The only solution is for women to come together as a unifying force and initiate self empowering actions at the ground level. Let it happen even if it is at a slow pace initially but it must happen despite however small the initial steps might look like. So the connection is very clear. Once we work towards self empowerment through small number of infinite actions, we become aware of the ground realities and then we can think about taking further recourse towards changing the mindset of the society which fosters gender inequality and bias. When we talk about women empowerment in India the most important aspect that comes into the mind is the attitude of the society towards women. Women are still considered as burden and liabilities. They are also considered as properties. These kinds of attitudes give birth to the evil of violence against women. Women empowerment in India is not possible unless violence against women is eradicated from the society. National Commission of women was created in 1992 and Convention of elimination of all forms of discrimination against women was ratified in 1993. Apart from the laws and policy formulations the violence against women can be only tackled through attitudinal change that need to take place in the family, in the society and the female members of the society as well. Only this attitudinal change and proactive action against violence by every single individual will help in galvanising the slumbering structures of the government and society towards further concrete steps and action. Unless society accepts gender equality as a fundamental principle of human existence all efforts will only partially bear results. Gender sensitisation and gender training is primary need of the hour. The struggle of gender equality should be carried at every level and it should overcome the barriers of caste, class, race and religion. RIDDLES 1. There is a bus full of people travelling over San Francisco and no one gets off the bus throughoutthe journey. But when it gets to the other side there is not a single person left. How is thispossible? A. They are all married. 2. How do you fit ten horses (pictures. All seperate pictures. ) in 9 boxes? A. One letter for each stable. [T][E][N] [H][O][R][S][E][S] 3. What can keep you alive but kill someone else? What can let you have fun but can take you away? A. The sea 4. What is seven lettersis greater than god more evil than the devil a homeless person has it a wealthy person needs it what is it? A. splinter 5. figure out if you can read this or not Yy u r Yy 4 me u b i c u Yy 4 me A. to wise you are to wise for me you be I see you to wise for me 6. there is 3houses the red house is next to the white house and the white house right of the red house the blue house is next to the white house. wheres the white house at? A. this is not only a trick question it can be a normal question the white is in the middle and washington d. c/ in the riddle you can always trick to person you told it to if they think its a normal question and say in the center or middle u can say was

Seed germination lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Seed germination - Lab Report Example On the other hand, the suit case is the coat of the seed which covers the seeds. Lunching represents the nutritive germinating seedling source. The food for a seedling which is germinating can be stored in a section of the embryo like the fleshy cotyledons of the seed. It could also assume the other categories including the endosperm that forms the special starch-rich storage tissue that covers the embryo. It may not be easy to classify a seed as being dead. Once it fail to germinate under proper conditions and having the dormancy mechanisms broken is when a seed can be classified as being dead. Different companies of seed mostly test the seed germination before they sell their seeds. The test results, the percentages of germination, are always indicated on the packet of the seed. Different crop seeds lose their viability fast after some years. In this case, some few long-lived seeds would be identifies. One example is the mustard seeds that display good germination in each fifty yea rs. For any seed, the rate of germination is the basic indicator to the manner in which the seed will perform while in the field. The rate of germination can be expressed in the form of percentages. A ninety percent rate of germination from one hundred percent will germinate in the presence of good conditions of growth. The information on germination is vital in calculating the optimum rate of germinating together with assisting in determining whether some seeds have the ability of producing appropriate crops. In this study, we sought to ascertain the rates of germination at different phases of water intake. Results of this experiment indicate that during the process of germination, highest water intake occurs during the first phase. As shown in figure 01, between zero drops and 15 drops, water intake is highest. This is followed by a reduced water intake phase II and increased water intake in phase III. The results, as well shows that water intake by the germinating seed take a

Week 1 CYB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 1 CYB - Assignment Example They challenged the assumption that every potential buyer who walks in the showroom is genuinely interested in buying a car and photographed motion sensors and cameras in the building. They then used a rogue wireless access point and carried out social engineering to gain access to sensitive information on customers. This means that security at the organisation was highly compromised because, apart from the customer information, the collection of the expensive, luxury vehicles was also easily accessible to potential thieves, and the Tiger Team actually made away with one. The security at the organisation is not yet perfect, and ways in which it could be defeated include the ability of intruders to gain physical access into the premises unless the building’s design is improved. Then, since the Tiger Team was able to install a rogue camera that filmed the alarm keypad without being noticed, it means the organisation does not carry out regular inspections of its installed devices. It is often assumed that computer systems can best be protected by practicing cyber hygiene. However, this assumption can be challenged because most devices’ default settings are configured by the manufacturers to facilitate their ease of use at the expense of security. The result is usually vulnerabilities that do not require experienced hackers to exploit. Essentially, this means that any user of a system, and not necessarily a hacker, is a potential threat to its security. The Internet has grown into a concept that relies on an interwoven system of trust for its security. However, guest users of a system may stumble upon administrator accounts which grant them higher degrees of control of other computers’ settings and programs (Pelgrin, 2013). Approaching such a situation from a red teamer’s perspective, it is easy to see that a user can

Electronic Commerce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electronic Commerce - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the dawn of the World Wide Web has led to many innovations; one of them is on the new ways of transacting business. Electronic commerce has enabled an easy and efficient platform for the transaction of business among various stakeholders using the internet. The ubiquitous nature of electronic commerce allows companies and consumers the ability to transact anywhere and anytime. Electronic commerce can be seen to have rewritten the traditional mode of transacting, which is the business to business model and ushered in an era where multiple parties can transact without having to physically engage with each other. This paper will explore the cost and benefits to firms and consumers, together with job creation brought by this form of medium. The paper will also highlight challenges in infrastructure, privacy concern, and legal framework that electronic commerce faces. Businesses main objective is to grow in size and increase profit margins. O ne of the ways electronic commerce has assisted businesses to achieve this is by allowing them to save on costs by linking them directly with their customers thereby eliminating the need for intermediaries. The net effect of this cost-saving measure is the improved bottom line that companies will be enjoying. Businesses may choose to reduce prices for shoppers who employ this medium in order to attract more consumers consequently growing their revenue. Electronic commerce also enables businesses to move into the cyber world by establishing cyber stores which are cheaper to establish than physical shops.

Digital Revolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Digital Revolution - Assignment Example The issue of digital revolution has become resistant as the effort to solve it may give rise to other problems which may be harmful for the society at large (Fitzpatrick, 2003, p.3). The digital revolution was brought about with the hope bringing about the concept of globalization, which to an extent has been fruitful thereby creating great economic impact in the society. But, the digital revolution has resulted in the internet predators, information overload, media saturation and forms of social isolation. Moreover with the digital revolution most of the works are being carried out through personal computing and other related digital activities. This in the long–run has led to the invasion of the privacy of the customers through software the keystroke recording and the application that leads to information filtering. Moreover, the personal use of the computer has resulted in the reduction of the productivity level of the employees. Reliability of data has become an issue sinc e the digital revolution has come into being as the information is being easily replicated without being verified. Though the digital revolution has made the outsourcing services possible over the globe yet, the problems faced by the same are irrevocable (Coyne, 2004, pp.1-13).

Juvenille Diabetes Research foundation describe how it helps the Essay

Juvenille Diabetes Research foundation describe how it helps the community - Essay Example JDRF facilitates research to identify ways to gain maximum results with least inconvenience to the individuals suffering from diabetes. A lot of children as well as adults in our country are suffering from obesity. To make it worse, obesity comes with numerous side-effects including high blood pressure and diabetes. Research conducted by JDRF tends to find cure for such diseases as diabetes and high blood pressure. â€Å"JDRF is committed to improving the lives of the type 1 diabetes community by keeping you informed about the latest developments in type 1 diabetes research and by providing a range of support services to help you from initial diagnosis through to managing life with type 1 diabetes† (JDRF b). Thus, JDRF not only targets the direct effects of obesity like individual’s looks, consciousness and self-perceptions but also the symptoms and health conditions indirectly associated with obesity. I place so much confidence in JDRF because it has made a lot of diff erence in the life of my own younger sister, Maria. When Maria was 5 years old, she was diagnosed with obesity by JDRF. We thought she had just put on a few extra pounds that would be gone with a little bit of dieting. It was not until JDRF confirmed she was obese that we stopped thinking she was just overweight. To our surprise, JDRF took Maria’s tests and informed us that she was having type 1 diabetes. We could not imagine a girl as young as 5 years old would be having diabetes! Since I am emotionally too attached to Maria, this came to me as nothing less than a shock. Back then, I couldn’t imagine how awful life would be if I had to live without sugar. JDRF proposed that we took immediate measures to alter Maria’s eating habits and walkout patterns in order to do our bit to make her future secure. Mom, dad and I decided that if Maria was not going to consume sugar, so would be we! Now that about 8 years have passed since then, everything has changed for the better. What came as a shock to all of us 8 years back proved to be a forewarning with the passage of time! When JDRF diagnosed Maria with those diseases, they not only tested Dad, Mom and me for the same health hazards, but also took notes about what we ate, how often we ate, when we ate and why we ate whatever we did. They informed us that they would use that information for research purposes. We assisted them in all ways we could because it felt like a way to do our little bit in the well-being of the whole society through JDRF. At the time when Maria was diagnosed with obesity and type 1 diabetes, mama and I were also overweight. JDRF told us that we were quite likely to become obese within few years from then if we continued with the same dietary and exercise habits. For about 8 years since then, Maria, mom, dad and I have had no chocolates, no carbonated drinks, no deep fried foods, no Big Macs and no junk food. Since the time we consulted JDRF, we have placed full emphasis of living upon fresh foods and vegetables. We have been going for a walk every morning and it has become a very important part of out everyday life, and we did gain positive results! Maria has recently tested negative for type 1 diabetes. All of us are in perfect shape. Today, when I look myself into the mirror, I become overwhelmed to see how nice I look and much of this is due to my smartness. We are grateful to JDRF that they informed us about the potential risks just in time so that we were able to take

Principles of Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principles of Marketing Communications - Essay Example The current marketing communication campaign of IKEA can be regarded as an effective strategy for building long-term loyalty and relationship among its customers. Though marketing communication is an age-old concept, its strategies and implementation techniques are evolving as customer demands and preferences are changing. It is no doubt that the marketer has shifted from product marketing to customer marketing and ultimately to relationship marketing (Kitchen and Li, 2005). In order to create long lasting relationship with customers, it is important to send messages which are creative and offer more than just products or service. As a result, organisations are increasingly trying to attract customer attention offering service which helps them to improve their overall quality of life. Creating advertisements and campaigns with a social propaganda has become one of the major trends among big and successful firms (Balmer and Gray, 2003). The same concept has been implemented by IKEA in its current brand campaign where the objective is to encourage children and adults to spend more time together. It can be at home doing activities such as, baking, cleaning or simple relaxing, apart from playing and making merry. As a result, the organisation upheld a three minute documentary of a particular family created by the mother. The idea was to send customers the message that IKEA understands how individuals stay at home and various challenges that they face especially when it comes to working at home.

Relationships in Second Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Relationships in Second Life - Essay Example The user has to make an account for his avatar, that is has to register, and after that these virtual worlds are accessible to them all year round at every time of the day (Heider, 47). Building up of relationships is an extremely important part of second life. Relationships can be personal or for business purposes. Relationships like in the real world are built on respect and trust in the virtual world also together with compatibility with each other. The virtual world relationships work well same as real life relationships (Mahar 164). The relationships which are connected with the virtual Second Life are like real relationships. There have been many instances where these virtual relationships have had a positive impact on people leading to success in the real life also. For example, Nina Allam was married to Sean Barbary in the second life. They had even created a virtual island for themselves to live. Allam decided to meet her Second Life partner Sean in the real life. She had be en chatting with him since February 2008 and was about to meet him in personal. The CNN article reports her emotions as anxious and terrified before meeting her virtual life partner. At one instance, she began talking to herself and thought that she could still get off the train which was heading towards the destination where her virtual partner lived. Second life is more than a virtual world as people are connected together through various relationships, like virtual marriages. In the real world, both Allam and Sean live in England. Before they first met in real, they spoke with each other on the phone and via the webcam. After meeting in personal, CNN reports that both of them have real feelings for each other. Both got married in real life and continue to live together. (CNN iReport). Sharon and Nigel also met on Second Life. They share a home in this virtual worls. CNN reports that Feebe Fearne (Sharon's Second Life avatar name) got along instantly with Nijel Charles (Nigel's av atar name) as soon as they met with each other in the virtual world of Second Life in February 2008. It was soon that they started spending a lot of time together on second life because of their compatibility. They first met in person in May 2008. In real life they only lived 80 miles far from each other. They finally got married. Paradoxically, they still want to continue with their Second Life wedding along with their real life wedding (CNN iReport). There have been many instances where various real life weddings have been encountered as a result of a second life relationship. Sharon and Nigel continue to live both their lives simultaneously as they think that it was second life which bought them together in the real life. The above examples of couples who met through second life prove that it has had a positive consequence leading to real life marriages and hence a positive impact on their real life. Second life has to do more than just impacting the real life emotions concerned with living together. For example, by selecting an avatar of opposite gender, one may experience the attitudes and emotions in the real world. Certain activities in Second Life such as team work can teach different users to work effectively which they might find difficult in the real world. Second Life is a virtual world after all and therefore the way users behave in it has little to do with real life behavior sometimes.

James Randolf in China Essay Example for Free

James Randolf in China Essay I. Overview The case focuses on James Randolf, a first-time expatriate manager from Controls Inc. He is sent abroad to help establish a joint venture (VC) with a Chinese subsidiary of the firm. Controls is a Chicago-based company which specializes in design of production of temperature control and filtration systems. Controls has already established operations in various parts of the world – Europe, Asia and South America. By investing in China, they are exploring the untapped Asian market, a key market with potential customers. Chong Ming Electro-Assembly is the company they are negotiating with in Shanghai. Despite the previous expansions of the US firm, the management has no experience working with Chinese firms before and they made a number of managerial mistakes that I am going to cover in this paper. But what the company did, was to negotiate an agreement with Chongming to jointly run a manufacturing plant on Chongming Dao island, north of Shangai. Controls sent James Randolf to co-manage the facility. J. Randolf was 51 years old at the time and had work in managerial positions in Engineering, Quality and Customer Support for 15 years. But what made him a perfect candidate for the position was that his wife was born in Shanghai. That made him the most culturally empathetic to his co-workers in the new facility. II. Preparation Prior to being sent to China, Randolf underwent an orientation training. There, points about his duties, obligations and assignments were discussed. The matter of payment was also settled, while his new position provided him with benefits such as convenient moving arrangements. Randolf then proceeded to visit the plant in Shanghai where he would be working for the next 3 years of his contract. Having committed to the assignment, he then received a supplemental orientation course which lasted 2 days. In this course he was supposed to become accustomed to the cultural differences of Chinese workers, to exchange information with other co-expatriates. All this supplemented with language learnings. Randolf then went on to work in the new facility for 13 months after which he was recalled to the home office by phone.

An overview of atrial fibrillation

An overview of atrial fibrillation Section1: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a condition when the heart does not beat to its normal speeds or rhythm, often it beats faster than it should. This irregularity leads to an increased risk of stroke and death. The pump function of the heart deteriorates as a result of the un-coordination (due to uncoordinated excitation of muscles). The net result of impaired pump action is the upper chambers of the heart contract randomly and at times too quick for the heart to relax before it can contract again effectively. At the junction of the pulmonary veins in the left atrial musculature, abnormal impulses fire which override the heart natural pace maker. There are 3 major classifications for AF: Paroxysmal AF- lasts from 30 seconds to 7days Persistent AF- longer the 7days Permanent AF- AF that fails to terminate using cardioversion, or is terminated but relapses within 24hours. If there are no obvious cause and all investigations are normal, this is known as lone AF. Lone AF tends to occur in Paroxysmal cases. Otherwise the most common causes are ischaemic heart disease hypertension mitral stenosis hyperthyroidism Other causes which arent as common are can be classified into 3 sub catagories; Cardiac: Rheumatic heart disease, Sick sinus syndrome, Pre-excitation syndromes (such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) and heart failure. Less commonly, congenital heart disease, atrial myxoma , atrial septal defect, pericardial disease, and cardiomyopathy. Non-cardiac: Drugs (e.g. bronchodilators/thyroxine), Electrolyte depletion infection, Pulmonary embolism, Lung cancer Diabetes. Lifestyle: Obesity, high caffeine or alcohol intake1. A fast pulse (often >140bpm) which may or may not be irregular is the most common symptom of AF however it is also accompanied by tiredness, breathlessness, dizziness, angina1, syncope, reduced exercise tolerance, or polyuria2. The decreased efficacy of the pumping of the heart may result in the reduction of blood pressure. AF is diagnosed by the use of an ECG and is characterised by the absence of consistent P waves and presence of fibrillation. The method of management of suffers of AF has two main strategies, either by the control the arrhythmia aspect of the condition or by the tachycardia side of the condition. Rhythm controlling drugs include flecainide (and other similar drugs), beta-blockers (particularly sotalol), and amiodarone. Rate controlling drugs such as beta-blockers bisoprolol atenolol or the calcium channel blockers verapamil ordiltiazem. Thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs are also used to manage the thromboembolic risk. There are non pharmacological ways to manage AF, the most common being cardioversion. Aspirin inhibits cycloxygenase from producing thromboxane A2 which is responsible for platelet activation and thus aggregation Diltiazem of use in AF for its affects on calcium channels on the heart. The blocking of calcium channels reduces excitability of cardiac muscle and hence decreasing fibrillations it also decreases the force of contraction Atenolol is a beta receptor blocker(a classII), it decreases the effects of the sympathetic drive to the heart, such that the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline are competitively blocked. Thus the levels of cAMP decrease. cAMP mediates many events in the heart:decreases stability in resting potentials (phase 4) of nodal tissue(AVN conduction SAN firing). In nodal tissue(myocytes) a decrease in cAMP reduces Ca2+ entry thus action potentials take longer, it also causes repolarisation to longer i.e. increasing the refractory period Amiodarone has all four classes of activity (of Vaughan Williams system MAKE APPENDIX) however its main method of action is its class III mechanism. By the blocking potassium channels the potassium efflux in an action potential is blocked, thus action potentials duration is a prolonged refractory period (causing a region of unidirectional block remain refractory for longer effectively having a bi directional block)3 Verapamil a non selective calcium channel blocker (classIV), by reducing the Ca2+ into the cell through L-type channels in the nodal tissue (SAN AVN) depolarization takes longer as does the refractory period causing slower AVN conduction. Reduces tachycardic impulse from AVN to the ventricles and also AVN re-entrant rhythms. Phase 2 is limited in nodal tissue (myocytes and purkinje fibres) reduces triggered automaticity4. Warfarin inhibits the effective synthesis of biologically active forms of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors: II, VII, IX and X, as well as some regulatory proteins. Flecainide a class1c sodium channel blocker.There is decreased diastolic excitability and Phase 0 (depolarization) takes longer as does the refractory period together causing slower conductions4. Propafenone is a class1c sodium channel blocker.There is decreased diastolic excitability and Phase 0 (depolarization) takes longer as does the refractory period together causing slower conductions4. Digoxin is a K+/Na+ ATPase inhibitor which leads to an increase in the intracellular concentration of sodium this stimulates of sodium-calcium exchange as a result there is an increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium causing stronger less frequent contractions. Cardioversion may be tried in some people with AF. The heart is given a controlled electric shock to try to restore a normal rhythm1. Catheter ablation is a procedure that very carefully destroysthe diseased area of your heart and interrupts abnormal electrical circuits. It is an option if medication has not been effective or tolerated1. A pacemaker may be fitted alternatively to drug treatment when it is not appropriate of failing1. Section 2: AF is the most common rhytm disorder of the heart with up to 500,000 sufferes in the UK1. In the UK over 46,000new cases of AF are diagnosed each year5. The incidences increase with age, with a higher incidence in men, when data is adjusted for age6. AF is uncommon in the young unless there is an existing heart disorder. At 50-59years of age, the prevalence is around 0.5%. At 80-89years of age, the prevalence is around 9%. Section 3: AF is a significantly increases the chance of stroke and emboli. The decision to use antithrombotic therapy involves a complex balancing of risks, benefits, and costs. The probabilities of stroke, bleeding complications, and death; the associated costs of all treatment options and outcomes; and the quality of life associated with treatment and disability. These have shown that warfarin therapy is generally cost-effective and often cost-saving. However, the economic value of antithrombotic therapy in terms of cost-effectiveness is most strongly influenced by 2 factors: stroke risk and perceived quality of life. The cost-effectiveness models indicate that warfarin can be cost-effective or, indeed, cost-saving for a wide variety of patients with AF, provided that it is prescribed appropriately based upon stroke risks7 In patients at high risk of stroke, anticoagulation is most cost effective, but not for those at low risk of stroke8. Aspirin 75mgx28 Â £1.66, Aspirin 300mgx28 Â £0.55, Warfarin 1mgx28 Â £1.10, Warfarin 3mgx28 Â £1.15, Warfarin 5mgx28 Â £1.21, Atenolol 25mgx28 Â £0.82, Diltiazem MR 60 mgx84 Â £3.52, Diltiazem MR 60 mgx56 (or over 70yrs), verapamil 40mgx80 Â £1.55. Section 4: Symptoms should be monitored; often AF has no symptoms, however you should look for the common presenting symptoms (stated in section 1). Tests: Heart Rate- Should be done when treating with rate lowering drugs Electrocardiography- every 12months blood electrolytes, urea and creatinine- 1-2 weeks after initiation, and 1-2 weeks after reaching the maintenance dose, then every 6 months. For Beta-blockers, digoxin, amiodarone Monitor blood pressure Liver function tests- every 6months for amiodarone Thyroid function test- when using amiodarone eye examinations- annual eye examinations. Plasma levels- for digoxin, shortly after initiation or after a dose increaee. 0.7and 2.0nanograms per millilitre Drugs to reduce the risk of thromboembolism (warfarin, aspirin and clopidogrel) The target INR for oral anti coagulants is 2-3 usually 2.5. Patients should be considered for warfarin use if risk is perceived to be medium or high according to nice (see appendix)9. It is important that INR be measured daily or alternate days at initiation of treatment. Then at longer intervals depending on dose response up to 12 weeks10. Note the importance of increased monitoring as drugs are added to the regimen, pre-adjustment to warfrin are sometimes necessary e.g. decreasing dose by one or two thirds before initiation of amiodarone1. Section 5: Although systematic reviews have shown that aspirin reduces the rate of stroke by 25%8 The Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin Anticoagulation Study demonstrated a reduction of strokes by 64% per year with warfarin (INR 2.8-4.2), compared with placebo, a 3.5% per year reduction. A non-significant reduction in stroke was seen with aspirin 75mg8. Where warfarin is contraindicated or patient requests not to initiate therapy, it has been found that a combination of antiplatelets (aspirin and clopidogrel) was associated with a significant reduction in major vascular events compared with aspirin alone. The number of people that would need to be treated with aspirin plus clopidogrel for 3.6years to prevent one vascular event was 421. According to a meta-analysis the combination of both aspirin and warfrin yielded no significant reduction in stroke rates and had increased side effects8. No mortality difference was found between rhythm control and rate control. Although for people older than 65years of age or those with coronary artery disease, a significant difference was found in favour of rate control in terms of all-cause mortality. Studies showed significantly higher rates of hospitalisation and adverse events in the rhythm control group and no difference in quality of life between the two groupsa.Incidence of ischaemic stroke, bleeding and systemic embolism was similar in the two groups, but certain malignant dysrhythmias were significantly more likely to occur in the rhythm control groupa. No cognitive decline was seen with the use of rhythm controlling drugs. Quality of life scores were similar in both groups. Therefore it is recommended that rate control, is used as it is less costly11. IA, IC and III drugs are effective in maintaining sinus rhythm but increased adverse effects. Class IA drugs may increase mortality. Calcium antagonists versus digoxin Seven studies found no difference in average heart rate between calcium antagonists verapamil or diltiazem and digoxin either at rest or during periods of normal daily activity. Studies have found calcium antagonists resulted in a lower heart rate during exercise, compared with digoxin2. Beta-blockers versus digoxin Three studies found no difference in average heart rate between digoxin and beta blockers while at rest or during periods of normal daily activity. However, the beta blockers atenolol and labetalol controlled heart rate during exercise more effectively than digoxin did2. Beta-blockers versus calcium antagonists One crossover study found no difference between the calcium antagonist diltiazem and the beta-blocker atenolol in terms of either the mean heart rate over 24 hours or during exercise2. Beta-blockers with digoxin versus beta-blockers One crossover study found no statistically significant differences in heart rate during periods of exercise. Some studies found the beta-blocker atenolol used in combination with digoxin to be associated with a lower heart rate over 24 hours than atenolol alone2. Calcium antagonists with digoxin versus calcium antagonists Four crossover studies found that calcium antagonists diltiazem or verapamil used in combination with Digoxin to be more effective in controlling heart rate over 24 hours, as well as during periods of exercise, than either diltiazem or verapamil alone2. Section 6: Many people whom suffer from AF suffer no symptoms, some have been diagnosed incidentally1. It is in these patients that concordance is a particular issue. Education as to the risks and complications of the condition are necessary to achieve optimum concordance. It is important that patients are aware the side effects (SE) as well as the dosage regimen. Many of the dugs used in the management of AF have common and serious side effects which patients should be trained to spot. Interactions and side effects of note. Further information can be derived from the British National Formulary (BNF) and a comprehensive analysis available in the most current Stockleys drug interaction. Classes of drugs have been mentioned although this does not mean that the entire class will interact Amiodarone Interactions: Anti-arrhythmic (rate and rhythm modulating), Antibiotics, Anti coagulants, Tricyclic antidepressants, mizolastine, thyroid hormones, diuretics and phenytoin10. it is of note that due to its long half life amiodarone may still interact several months after treatment is stopped particularly relevant in the switching over of treatments. Amiodarone reduces the clearance of warfarin, prolonging prothrombin times (PTs) and elevating international normalized ratios (INRs). To avoid bleeding complications, the patient being put on amiodarone must have their current dosage of warfarin reduced by at least one-third and PT and INR closely monitored until they are stabilized15. Although routine eye examinations should occur to asses the ocular effects of amiodarone, if a patient experiences any visual impairment the treatment should be stopped10. Patients should be aware for the signs of thyroid dysfunction (signs and symptoms of which included in appendix 1) Warfarin interactions: Alcohol, amiodarone, propafenone, analgesics, antibiotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, thyroid hormones, ulcer healing drugs, lipid regulating drugs, hormones, corticosteroids Warfarin levels are easily effected by changes in diet, major changes in diet should be done in consultation with healthcare professional, commonly eaten foods that are known to interact with warfarin are cranberry, grapefruit and vitamin K rich foods16. bleed or bruise easily. Also, if you bleed, the bleeding may not stop as quickly as normally. For example, you may have: bleeding gums; nosebleeds; prolonged bleeding from cuts; blood in the urine. Beta blocker interactions: Antiarrhythmics (rhythm and rate modulating), antibiotics, antidepressants, mizolastine, antipsychotics and diuretics. Beta blockers should be avoided in people with asthma, or with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease13, Beta-blockers should not be stopped suddenly unless absolutely necessary; there is a risk of rebound in the condition13. Doses are titrated for patients and are gradually increased10. Digoxin interactions: Antiarrhythmics (rate and rhythm modulating), diuretics, anti biotics and anti epileptics. Signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity are important to report promptly. Digoxin toxicity may cause drowsy, dizzy, and affect your vision, disorientation, confusion, headach or disyurbed vision14. Flecainde interactions: Antiarrhythmics (rate and rhythm modulating), antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, diuretics and tolterodine Roughly 1% of the general population and 10% of asthma suffers are allergic to aspirin12. Each drug has the potential for interaction with other medication and even food. Self help advice In order to minimise the risk of stroke and heart attacks it is important for patient to receive practical advise on diet as this will impact on blood cholesterol levels, weight management and blood pressure it is of particular importance when the patient is diabetic. Important components in a healthy diet are low fat and salt intakes, with an emphasis on complex carbohydrates found in vegetables. Advice on the sources of esstential fatty acids should be given (for example nuts and oily fish). Smoking cessation counseling and Nicotine replacement therapy should be offered, discussing the statistical significance smoking alone contributes to the Cardio vascular events. Section 7: Pharmacists have contact at various stages along a patients treatment. A specialist PCT pharmacist may manage patients, prescribe, review and monitior. A community pharmacist should attempt medicine use reviews and prepare to make interventions on prescriptions when appropriate. Clinical pharmacists are involved in monitoring and providing guidance on protocols and current evidence. In the future there will be an increased scope for pharmacists to play a larger role when full patient records become available, full clinical reviews may be conducted taking into account the persons history (familial, drug, treatment, condition) and make appropriate interventions and recommendations according to the most current evidence. Section 8: In order for the condition and the services to run effectively is necessary to run audits regularly. This will ensure the national standards are met. Nice guideline audit criteria: All people presenting to primary or secondary care with a hypertension, heart failure, diabetes made or stroke and noted to have an irregular pulse to be offered an ECG and any new diagnosis of AF recorded2. All AF patients in whom a rate-control or rhythm-control strategy is initiated to have their involvement in choosing a treatment strategy recorded2. All patients who are prescribed digoxin as initial monotherapy for rate control to have the reason for this prescription recorded where it is not obvious (e.g. sedentary patient presence of contraindication to alternative agents)2. All patients should be assessed for risk of stroke/thromboembolism and given thromboprophylaxis according to the stroke risk and have this assessment and any antithrombotic therapy recorded2. It is important for pharmacists to keep uodate and maintaining a high levels of competenacy. Advice should be evidence based and current. There are regular updates produced by nice NICE and the Guidelines for atrial fibriliation are a good source of information. Section 9: the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease has a chapter pertains to AF. Arrhythmias are of great importance Cardiac arrhythmia affects more than 700,000 people in England and is consistently in the top ten reasons for hospital admission, using up significant AE time and bed days. AFis the most common arrhythmia, affects up to 1% of the population (rising to 4% in the over 65s) and absorbs almost 1% of the entire budget of the NHS to the NHS16. Of the three quality requirements there are two relevant in AF. Quality requirement one: patient support. People with arrhythmias receive timely and high-quality support and information, based on assessment of their needs16. Markers of good practice People with arrhythmias receive a formal assessment of their support needs and those at significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression or a poor quality of life receive appropriate care16. People with long-term conditions receive support in managing their illness from a named arrhythmia care co-ordinator16. Good quality, timely information about arrhythmic conditions is given by appropriately trained staff16. Quality requirement two: diagnosis and treatment. People presenting with arrhythmias, in both emergency and elective settings, receive timely assessment by an appropriate clinician to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment and rehabilitation16. Markers of Good Practice Initial Treatment All patients receive a hard copy of the ECG documenting their arrhythmia and a copy is placed in their records. Patients who survive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and patients presenting with pre-excited AF are assessed by a heart rhythm specialist prior to hospital discharge. The following patients are assessed urgently by a heart rhythm specialist: Patients with syncope or any other symptom(s) suggestive of an arrhythmia and a personal history of structural heart disease or a family history of premature sudden death Patients with recurrent syncope associated with palpitations Patients with syncope and pre-excitation Patients with documented 3rd degree AV block (not associated with acute MI) Patients with recurrent syncope in whom a life-threatening cause has not been excluded Patients with documented ventricular tachycardia The following patients are referred to a heart rhythm specialist: Patients with a presumed diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome or asymptomatic pre-excitation Patients with symptomatic regular recurrent supraventricular tachycardia which is unsuccessfully treated with one type of medication or who would prefer not to take long-term medication Patients with recurrent atrial flutter Patients with symptomatic AF despite optimal medical therapy First degree relatives of victims of sudden cardiac death who died below the age of 40 years Patients with recurrent unexplained falls Markers of Good Practice Ongoing Treatment Mechanisms are in place for urgent referral of patients with sustained or compromising arrhythmias for prioritisation of appropriate treatment. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are considered in patients presenting with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and in those without demonstrable arrhythmia but identified as being at high risk. Catheter ablation is considered as the treatment of choice in patients presenting with sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) other than AF, and cardioversion of recent onset AF is considered as early as is clinically safe. Where further hospital treatment is not recommended, a care plan is agreed between the patient, GP and the arrhythmia care team, including follow up and support as required. Management of long term conditions and elderly also have a priority in the governments plans and frameworks for the future. Section 10: Emphasis should be on patient centered care, projects such as near patient testing for warfarin have proved to be effective at managing patients and their potential complications. Primary care workers such as GPs PCT pharmacist should screen at risk patients. They shall be involved in the management of there condition frequently monitor patients. If required a referral can be made on lifestyle issues to manage the risk of stroke, e.g. if lipids are elevated may want to refer to a dietitian. Community pharmacists have a role in conduction medicines use reviews and be prepared to make inventions in prescribing, regimen concordance and side effect management/referral. It is of utmost importance that the specialist (cardiologist) makes clear recommendation and maintains communications with their counterparts in primary care.

How Education Impacts your Health Essay examples -- essays research pa

How Education Impacts your Health Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assessing my community was a class project that revealed the core characteristics of my community. In this paper I will attempt to effectively discuss the results of the questionnaire. I will also attempt to compare my data with the overall class data that’s called the aggregate data. Finally I will explain how one of the variables affects us individually and collectively. Introduction/Summary Today there are so many factors that affect the quality of health in our communities. In the project, I will assess the quality of health in my community. Throughout history the church has been a major factor and good starting point when attempting to understand the community. For this project I choose New Hope Baptist Church located at 284 Vine Street in Jackson, Ms pastured by Rev. Dock Cooper III. New Hope is located in area code 39206, and approximately 2 minutes from the Interstate 55, and 10 minutes from downtown Jackson. There are several churches located in this zip code (39206); also Highland Village shopping center is one of the more Up-scale shopping centers in Mississippi. This shopping center has over fifty stores, clothing jewelry, sporting and pharmacy. Schools are also spread out over this area Elementary, junior high and high schools. Jackson Academy is also located in the area, this school is widely known as one of the finest schools in Mississippi. Most of the home s and companies are old and are currently under re-construction. The population in the area is very high comprised of mostly middle-aged and young adults. The Jackson Police Department’s precinct #4 is located west of New Hope Baptist Church. Union Planters bank and Trust mark bank and a branch of the post office located in the center of the community. This community is well known as being in, â€Å"The Middle of everything†. And finally this is the community I have lived in the past 8 years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title of this class project is, Assessing My Community’s Health. The project was to design a questionnaire using different variables and have 25 church members within my zip code to complete the questionnaire. An example of the questions asked, do you have medical coverage, what is your level of income, do you believe that education affects you health. With the data collected, I will use a meth... ...ics clearly show the advantages of education in terms of better health. However, one must not overlook the fact that with the gain knowledge individuals tend to make better choices. Behavioral changes are the key to better health!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People with more education have better physical and mental health; also education helps improve the overall quality of people’s lives. By helping people get better jobs, it reduces financial worries. It builds self-esteem, feeling of being in control; it also makes them critically aware of media messages about health. It contributes to health behaviors, such as moderate drinking, anti-smoking, according to the Institute of education at the University of London (Dec. 2004). As stated earlier, education reduces inequalities, creates intolerance, build social cohesion and boost the health of whole communities. Conclusion As a result of the research I’ve come to this conclusion regarding â€Å"does Education lead to better health?† Education has shown to be a powerful and unique predictor of health outcomes, lower levels of education are associated with poor health and higher levels of education are associated with better health. How Education Impacts your Health Essay examples -- essays research pa How Education Impacts your Health Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assessing my community was a class project that revealed the core characteristics of my community. In this paper I will attempt to effectively discuss the results of the questionnaire. I will also attempt to compare my data with the overall class data that’s called the aggregate data. Finally I will explain how one of the variables affects us individually and collectively. Introduction/Summary Today there are so many factors that affect the quality of health in our communities. In the project, I will assess the quality of health in my community. Throughout history the church has been a major factor and good starting point when attempting to understand the community. For this project I choose New Hope Baptist Church located at 284 Vine Street in Jackson, Ms pastured by Rev. Dock Cooper III. New Hope is located in area code 39206, and approximately 2 minutes from the Interstate 55, and 10 minutes from downtown Jackson. There are several churches located in this zip code (39206); also Highland Village shopping center is one of the more Up-scale shopping centers in Mississippi. This shopping center has over fifty stores, clothing jewelry, sporting and pharmacy. Schools are also spread out over this area Elementary, junior high and high schools. Jackson Academy is also located in the area, this school is widely known as one of the finest schools in Mississippi. Most of the home s and companies are old and are currently under re-construction. The population in the area is very high comprised of mostly middle-aged and young adults. The Jackson Police Department’s precinct #4 is located west of New Hope Baptist Church. Union Planters bank and Trust mark bank and a branch of the post office located in the center of the community. This community is well known as being in, â€Å"The Middle of everything†. And finally this is the community I have lived in the past 8 years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title of this class project is, Assessing My Community’s Health. The project was to design a questionnaire using different variables and have 25 church members within my zip code to complete the questionnaire. An example of the questions asked, do you have medical coverage, what is your level of income, do you believe that education affects you health. With the data collected, I will use a meth... ...ics clearly show the advantages of education in terms of better health. However, one must not overlook the fact that with the gain knowledge individuals tend to make better choices. Behavioral changes are the key to better health!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People with more education have better physical and mental health; also education helps improve the overall quality of people’s lives. By helping people get better jobs, it reduces financial worries. It builds self-esteem, feeling of being in control; it also makes them critically aware of media messages about health. It contributes to health behaviors, such as moderate drinking, anti-smoking, according to the Institute of education at the University of London (Dec. 2004). As stated earlier, education reduces inequalities, creates intolerance, build social cohesion and boost the health of whole communities. Conclusion As a result of the research I’ve come to this conclusion regarding â€Å"does Education lead to better health?† Education has shown to be a powerful and unique predictor of health outcomes, lower levels of education are associated with poor health and higher levels of education are associated with better health.

The Role of Computers in Our Future :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Role of Computers in Our Future As far as computers in the future, I feel that they are going to play a major role. They will be in everyday life, in everything we do. There will be many areas affected by the wide use of computers. Areas such as: home, work, schools, automobiles, electronics, and humans. Although these areas are already affected, they will be even more as we move into the future. To begin this discussion I will show you the effects on the work place and humans. As for humans in the work place, work will become easier. So this means less stress for humans because the computers will be doing all the work. This in turn means that humans will be doing less and less because the computers will be slowly taking over. As for a human going to work, this may only consist of telling a computer what to do all day. Or even from your own home, waking up and telling your computer what to do so you do not even have to go into work. Now for communication with computers, this may get so advanced that your computer may even ask you questions about the work it is doing and that you are getting paid to do. So this is where I see computers going as far as work and humans. Now for computers in the schools, I feel we will soon have no books and all work will be done on computers. Even homework will be done on the internet and e-mailed to the teacher. Children will be taught about computers at a younger and younger age. This in turn will make the younger generations more and more skilled in electronics and understanding how they work. This will have a very large impact on they way projects and or work is viewed. The next step is computers in the home. Computers will play a major role in homes. They will automatically pull the bread in to toast it with no lever. It will in turn tell you how your food is doing while it is cooking in the microwave and then tell you when it is done. Now to enter your own home you may only have to say â€Å"open door†. The computer will automatically scan your voice and unlock the door and let you in. So this is how I feel that computers will affect the home steed. The Role of Computers in Our Future :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers The Role of Computers in Our Future As far as computers in the future, I feel that they are going to play a major role. They will be in everyday life, in everything we do. There will be many areas affected by the wide use of computers. Areas such as: home, work, schools, automobiles, electronics, and humans. Although these areas are already affected, they will be even more as we move into the future. To begin this discussion I will show you the effects on the work place and humans. As for humans in the work place, work will become easier. So this means less stress for humans because the computers will be doing all the work. This in turn means that humans will be doing less and less because the computers will be slowly taking over. As for a human going to work, this may only consist of telling a computer what to do all day. Or even from your own home, waking up and telling your computer what to do so you do not even have to go into work. Now for communication with computers, this may get so advanced that your computer may even ask you questions about the work it is doing and that you are getting paid to do. So this is where I see computers going as far as work and humans. Now for computers in the schools, I feel we will soon have no books and all work will be done on computers. Even homework will be done on the internet and e-mailed to the teacher. Children will be taught about computers at a younger and younger age. This in turn will make the younger generations more and more skilled in electronics and understanding how they work. This will have a very large impact on they way projects and or work is viewed. The next step is computers in the home. Computers will play a major role in homes. They will automatically pull the bread in to toast it with no lever. It will in turn tell you how your food is doing while it is cooking in the microwave and then tell you when it is done. Now to enter your own home you may only have to say â€Å"open door†. The computer will automatically scan your voice and unlock the door and let you in. So this is how I feel that computers will affect the home steed.

The Pitiful Campus Dining Experience Essay example -- Argumentative Pe

The Pitiful Campus Dining Experience      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I was a waiter at a local pizza parlor, the area manager would come in once every two weeks and give the restaurant an inspection. He would watch us through the course of an evening, and when the crowds subsided, he would gather us all around and give us our review. At the onset of every debriefing, as they were called among the crew, the first words from his mouth would always be, "From the moment the customer enters those doors, his dining experience begins. He will form an opinion in his mind about us, and it is your job to make sure that opinion is good! If it isn't, I'll know about it, and then so will you." Even though my experiences at that restaurant are a year behind me, whenever I eat out I always keep in mind the customer's opinion -- especially when I am the customer. When  Ã‚   State students eat at the campus facilities, they form opinions about their dining experience just as any customer would, and whether that opinion is good or bad is the responsibility of the food service. Recently I conducted a survey to determine the student opinion of the food service at  Ã‚   State. My purpose was simply to see if the students were satisfied with the overall performance of Service America, the catering company that handles all of the campus dining facilities. I surveyed fifty students over a period of two days at different times and locations. All of those I surveyed ate at least occasionally at one of the dining facilities. The survey rated such aspects as variety, quality, and taste of the food offered as well as the student's opinion of the prices they paid and overall service they received. The ratings given were initially somewhat mediocre. ... ...ts known will have them resolved in one manner or another, and by solving the students' problems as best they are able, Service America will ensure good public opinion and keep its contract. This arrangement is beneficial for both parties involved, and since my results concluded that there is no widespread discontent with the food service, there is no real justification for procedures any more radical than those I have suggested. Perhaps a monopoly does exist at  Ã‚   State in the form of Service America, but it is a monopoly that is ultimately controlled by its patrons, who have the freedom and the power to act on their opinions. The choice for action lies in their hands.      Sources Cited Goodman, Stephanie. "Dinner Is Served--At the Mall." Adweek's Marketing Week 24 Ju1y 2013:30-34. Loprete, Michael. Personal interview. 26 Feb. 2014.   

Elphaba from “Wicked” by Gregory Maguire Essay

Analyze the Main CharacterThe main character named Elphaba, in the novel Wicked, raises the debate to whether evil is inherited genetically or developed by social injustice. Elphaba, having been born with a pale green skin tone and razor sharp teeth was automatically rejected by society at birth. As she grew older she developed a vast knowledge of the world around her which led her desire to be influential towards the greater good. Even though her intentions were genuinely efficacious she was labeled wicked due to the narrow views on eccentricity throughout society. This is the conflict in which Elphaba was to succumb in order to fulfill her desire to better the world. Elphaba was born a munchkinlander to the reverend of a unionist church and the daughter of a wealthy family. Even though she was born to a promising background she was destined for failure due to birth defects. Elphaba was born with green skin and razor sharp teeth because of a green elixir in which her mother ingested in large quantities during the pregnancy. These abnormal traits caused even the narrow minds of her parents to have distaste for her; her parents were afraid of her at first but later learned to love her for she had become an extremely kind and loving person. She was born with a negative connotation to her name which could possibly dampen her future. Despite the constant badgering and scrutinizing due to her irregularities Elphaba developed a mind of phenomenal capacity. Her father spent much time tutoring her in her younger years and teaching her to love knowledge. With this love for knowledge she excelled in public schooling and was accepted with full decoration to attend Shiz University. Wishing to attend Shiz to develop her brain she was soon discovered to be that of a witch with potential to develop amazing powers. She was then lead on by the head mistress madam Morrible to pursue her powers and then later to engage in a meeting with the wizard of Oz. Now, having developed a great magical ability, Elphaba was to meet the wizard who she thought could be able to help her fulfill her desire to better the world. To her surprise, it was revealed that the wizard had no power at all  and with the help of madam Morrible planned to use Elphaba as the power in order to fuel his own dictatorship. Elphaba quickly rejected the wizards’ proposal and went into hiding promptly. In doing so the wizard persuaded society that she was wicked because of her abnormal looks and that she was capable of destroying their Land of Oz. Society surged against Elphaba killing everyone and everything she ever loved. This drove Elphaba to lose all control and use her divine magical powers to harm the society that rejected her. This could be considered the point in which Elphaba fulfilled her title as â€Å"wicked.†Elphaba was born to abnormal looks with a kind heart but later became wicked because of the cruel behavior of society. If she were only given the chance to prove her intentions she may have succeeded in improving the status of the world. But due to the evil intentions of the wizard her life was thus written as the wickedest of them all.

Death Penalty Synthesis

The death penalty goes back as far as the 17th century. From burning alive to beating to death, the death penalty was carried out in some of the cruelest and most painful ways one could imagine. Although more efficient ways of execution have been discovered, such as lethal injections, capital punishment is still ruthless and a lot of times unnecessary. Capital punishment is like the easy way out of dealing with criminals by â€Å"eliminating the complexities of judge and jury† (Source J), when there are much more efficient punishments that could be used when dealing with a felony.Capital punishment should not be used for so many different reasons; it is immoral, very costly and mistakes that could be prevented happen way too often. Some may argue that capital punishment should be used to remove the criminal because they are dangerous and they deserve to be executed but â€Å"the deed is done and taking another life cannot change† (Source A) the fact that one life is alr eady gone. There are other ways of preventing the culprit from harming others, such as removing them for society by putting them in jail.Being sentenced to â€Å"life imprisonment is a far more practical form of retribution† (Source F) for the defendant; it’s much fairer, more efficient and a lot less cruel than execution. Citizens are just as safe when the criminal is in jail as they would be if capital punishment was used. Plus, if the criminal was eventually found guilty then they could be freed from jail. According to the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person† (Source B).Capital punishment â€Å"violates the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment† (Source K) by taking away the right to life that every citizen has. The criminal has the right to â€Å"equal protection under the law† (Source K) no matter what the situation might be. The death penalty is promoting violence more than anything else.Executing someone for their wrongdoing makes it appear that killing someone is acceptable, but it’s not and shouldn’t be tolerated no matter what the  circumstances are. Studies have shown that capital punishment does not affect the amount of crimes committed (Source F); therefore using the death penalty has no impact on preventing the murders from happening. Capital punishment is not only the most â€Å"cruel and uncivilized punishment† (Source F), but it is also the most expensive and most time consuming solution to punishing the criminal.On average, one â€Å"death penalty case resulting in a death sentence costs approximately $3 million† (Source C), which is â€Å"a waste of taxpayer funds and has no public safety benefit† (Source K). Taxes need to be spent on improvements for the state, not on the execution of one person when there are much more efficient solutions to punishing the culprit. The most brutal part of ca pital punishment is the fact that it is possible to take an innocent person’s life, which happens way more than it should.There have been 142 people â€Å"freed from death row after being exonerated with DNA or other kinds of evidence† (Source F), if that evidence wouldn’t have been found in time then any one of those innocent people could have been executed for doing nothing wrong. Some research shows that one in every ten people executed were later found guilty; if they hadn’t been put through capital punishment then many innocent people could have been saved from suffering for something they were never responsible for.Not only are innocent people executed, also deciding â€Å"who should be sent to death row is arbitrary and discriminatory† (Source F). Studies by professors at North Carolina University have shown that the â€Å"odds of receiving a death sentence raised by 3. 5 times among those defendants whose victims where white† (Source C), which shows how race might have an impact on whether or not the death penalty is used in the case. There are so many reasons why capital punishment is not the answer to a crime. Everyone has the right to live and deserves a second chance.The death penalty doesn’t prevent violence, it only promotes it. It is an expensive process that can end up accidently putting innocent people to death because they were blamed for something they really didn’t do. Without capital punishment, the world would be a much better place and many innocent lives could be saved, and the guilty criminals can get help and continue their lives while not harming anymore citizens. Capital punishment is unconstitutional and should be avoided at all costs, no matter what the situation may be.

English and International Integration Essay

International integration is a process by which countries remove barriers to trade freely and absorb new technology, new culture†¦ outside national borders. In the integration period, English is considered a bridge linking countries together. Nowadays, nearly 4 billion people all over the world use English as their first or second languages. Fluency in English has become an indispensable skill in the context of economic integration today. In my opinion, English not only helps you to extend the scope of communication but it also brings you many other benefits. Firstly, mastering English allows people to be kept informed of the latest news about fashion , sports, science or politics. For example; 80% of the Websites on the Internet in English and popular Newsletters on TV like BBC or CNN in English. You can update the newest fashion style of the week, the hottest news about a football match at the World Cup or the latest information of the upcoming Iphone. That’s why you easily become fashionable as long as you use English. Secondly, English offers you great chances for career promotion. Thanks to the International integration, many foreign companies have invested in our countries. They also join Vietnamese companies to do business. So English competence is the priority for big companies to hire staffs as well as considering employees for higher positions. Although there’s no official statistics on the correlation between English proficiency and wages, it’s pretty clear that the oppotunities always open wider for English candidates. Therefore, learning English is very important in the age of integration .And I don’t hesitate to share some tips on English learning with you . 1. Spend at least one hour everyday listening to news or discussion programs such as CNN news or BBC news. It’s hard to understand what they are saying when you first begin to listen to them, but gradually you’ll get used to the speed and tone. Then you can get a brief idea of what they are talking about, although you can’t get all the details. 2. Watch some English TV and listen to some English radio. TV and radio are the best and most inexpensive teachers to learn real English. Not only you can learn formal English from  news or debate TV programs, but you can also learn everyday English from soap operas, cartoons or comedies. 3. Spend more than two hours every day on reading English news or articles. Reading builds up your vocabulary, idioms, phrases, and the concepts of English structures. If you do enough reading, it will save you a lot of time since you won’t need to spend more time on building your vocabulary or grammar. Read out loud when you do your reading to improve your pronunciation at the same time. 4. Make some pen pals or native-English friends and write to them at least once everyday. The best way to improve your writing is to practice writing as much as you can. The more you write the more you know how to use what you’ve learned from reading and listening. 5. Make friends with speakers. This is the most difficult task because of the difference in culture, but you can’t really master English unless you can have good conversations with an American or Briton. Remember to ask a lot of questions to keep the conversation going. When someone asks you a question, give more than just basic information. For example, if someone asks you â€Å"Do you like living here?† don’t just answer â€Å"Yes† or â€Å"No,† but tell them why, too. 6. Think in English. Getting used to using English all the time will make it easier to listen and react with it. Follow these small tips can make it easier for you to learn English. In conclusion, eventhough English has already played an important role in our lives since Viet Nam was a full member of the WTO. This, may somehow, affect Vietnamese. But to catch up with the speed of the world’s development, we need to take the risk, learning English as much as we can, and not forgetting to keep the beauty of Vietnamese.

Kohls Corporation and Dillards Inc Essay

Kohl’s Corporation was organized in 1988 and is a Wisconsin corporation. The company operates family-oriented department stores that sell moderately priced apparel, footwear and accessories for women, men and children; soft home products such as sheets and pillows; and housewares. Stores generally carry a consistent merchandise assortment with some differences attributable to regional preferences. As of February 2, 2008, the company operated 929 stores in 47 states. (Source: Company 2007 Form 10-K) Originally founded in 1938 by William T. Dillard, Dillard’s, Inc., now operates 326 stores in 29 states. The company’s store base is diversified, with the character and culture of the community served determining the size of facility and, to a  large extent, the merchandise mix. In general, stores offer a wide selection of merchandise including fashion apparel for women, men and children, accessories, cosmetics, home furnishings and other consumer goods. Most stores are located in suburban shopping malls but customers may also purchase merchandise online. (Source: Company 2007 Form 10-K) Learning Objectives †¢ Read and compare financial statements for two companies in the same industry. †¢ Consider how different strategic choices lead to different financial statement relationships. †¢ Perform an analysis of financial information using common-size balance sheets and income statements, ratios, and other techniques. †¢ Critically evaluate two companies based on financial information. †¢ Evaluate a financial analysis to form investment recommendations. Refer to the 2007 financial statements and notes of Kohl’s Corporation and Dillard’s, Inc. Analysis a. Describe the industry in which these two companies operate and assess the competitive environment. What current economic factors affect the companies’ operations? Who are the main competitors in this industry? What threats do the companies face? What opportunities? How are the two companies similar? How are they different? b. Consider the income statements of both companies. Are there any unusual or nonrecurring items that need to be considered in your analysis? That is, are the earnings of high quality? Are the earnings persistent? c. Prepare common-sized income statements and balance sheets for each company for fiscal 2007 and 2006. To common size the income statement, divide each item by net sales. To common size the balance sheet, divide each item by total assets. A company’s financial performance can be analyzed in many ways. Return on equity (ROE) is a widelyused measure of financial performance that compares the profit the company made during the period (net income) to the resources invested and reinvested in the company by shareholders (stockholders’ equity). The DuPont model systematically breaks ROE into components. One form of the DuPont model is: Stockholders’ equity is reported on the balance sheet and excludes any reported minority interest or non-controlling interest. Note that once the common terms cancel in the second equation (the DuPont model), the right-hand side of the ROE equation collapses down to the first equation: Net income divided by the firm’s Stockholders’ equity. Reading from left to right in the second equation, the first right-hand side ratio represents the fraction of pretax earnings that the shareholders keep. One minus that ratio is the average tax rate so the ratio decreases as the tax rate goes up. The second ratio represents the fraction of EBIT (i.e., operating profit) that the firm keeps after financing costs so the ratio decreases as the net cost of debt increases. The third ratio represents operating return on sales or the operating profit earned on each unit of revenue. The fourth term is  the asset turnover ratio, a measure of overall efficiency in asset use. The product of the third and fourth terms is operating return on assets. The final ratio captures the leverage of the firm—a measure of how the firm has paid for its assets. The ratio increases as the firm takes on more debt (that is, for a fixed level of equity, more assets must mean more debt). Note that the final term is equal to 1 + (Average total liabilities / Average stockholders’ equity). Normally, analysis of the financial statements begins with operating return on sales and asset turnover (thus, operating return on assets). Then it turns to leverage (liquidity and solvency) and the cost of leverage. Finally, a review of the tax burden is conducted. The ROE analysis can be followed up with an analysis of the company’s cash flows. d. Compute return on equity (ROE) for both companies for fiscal 2007 and 2006. Calculate the five components of ROE and verify that their product equals ROE. Remember to use average total assets and average stockholders’ equity in your ratio calculations. e. Refer to the common-sized income statement you prepared in part c and your ROE decomposition from part d. Assess the companies’ asset efficiency. Which firm is more efficient in its use of assets? Consider efficiency in terms of total asset turnover, receivables turnover (and average collection period), inventory turnover (and average holding period), payables turnover (and average time to payment), cash conversion cycle (i.e., receivables days + inventory days – payables days), and fixed asset turnover. g. Assess the companies’ liquidity and solvency. Are the companies likely to meet their debts as they come due? Consider ratios such as the current ratio, the quick ratio, and the debt-equity ratio. Also consider interest costs and the times interest earned ratio. Is there any â€Å"off-balance-sheet† financing that will constrain future cash flow? You should explicitly consider operating leases at both companies. Assume that the discount rate implicit in the capital leases is the appropriate discount rate for capitalizing the operating leases. Further, assume that the lease payments due in 2013 and beyond will be paid evenly over 20 years for Kohl’s and paid entirely in 2013 for Dillard’s. h. Assess the cash flow of each company. Are cash flows from operations a source or a use of cash? How are operations and investments being financed? What differences do you note? i. As a potential investor, would you be interested in seeking additional information about either of these companies? What sort of information would you want? Would you invest in either company?

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Packaging also allows the consumer to acquire the product in the desired form. Therefore, Goldsby and Martichenko (2005, p. 47) assert that packaging is vital part of any implementation of lean operations. Most firms incur losses during packaging and also produced a lot of waste. Most companies have realized the importance of the lean philosophy to gain optimisation in their operations as well as the whole supply chain (Tsigkas, 2012, p. 12). The losses can be alleviated through lean packaging. Lean packaging results in value added activity and also reduce costs. The concept of lean packaging is not industry specific. Lean packaging eliminates waste in packaging. In the packaging industry, the packaging materials are regarded just like raw materials. Therefore, they contribute significantly to the overall costs of packaging. Any firm that adopts lean packaging has the net effect of driving the costs down. This means that a change in packaging results in a considerable reduction in overall costs. Companies gain competitive advantage by eliminating wastes. The new competitors enter the market as low cost providers. Since lean is the elimination of all waste in order to develop an operation that is faster, more dependable, produces higher quality products and services, lean packaging ensures that waste is eliminated by coming up reusable packaging materials. Using the reusable materials for packaging enhances the flow of products along the supply chain, thus reducing costs. World-class firms, such as Tyson, Coca-Cola, Wal-Mart, Ford, John Deere, Unilever, Gregg’s, and Amcor among others have already recognised the significance of reusable packaging in moving their products better, faster, and in a more cost effective manner (ORBIS Corporation, 2004, p. 6). Proceeding further, reusable packaging fits perfectly into the lean environment. The packaging is designed in a way that it fits specifically

Totalitarianism and the individual using the book Under a Cruel Star Essay

Totalitarianism and the individual using the book Under a Cruel Star and two other readings - Essay Example horrible living conditions and galling transportations can be used to describe the camp as trying to establish one’s life and a family was hardly possible due to starvation and violence. Another form of totalitarian form of governance was in Moscow where purge was conducted as authors were controlled over the content with which they are to publish. Those carrying out the purge are described as lacking sophistication and stupidity. Under controversial circumstances, books were withdrawn and example being Lenin’s book because they were listed under Marx’s â€Å"Communist Manifesto† with Riazanov’s forward, but in many other instances this explanation breaks down. The â€Å"Authoritative† and â€Å"Educated† bunch of people were forming purging committees and recommending the removal of controversial readings. Under â€Å"philosophy† the Leningrad instructions propose that â€Å"idealistic philosophy should be removed entirely fro m circulation and this would leave only Kant’s and Hegel’s works in circulation since their writing and ideologies went in line with the governing authorities. Questions were raised over the withdrawal of many writers especially those who by the humblest and most general assessment are on a higher level and less pernicious than the hundreds of junky kinds of belles-lettres that Gosizdat put out even at this time. The kind of leadership being experienced was resulting in a totalitarian form as the main instructions of Glavpolitprosvet are more restrained and balanced, TBTW. The recommendation was to remove all the prerevolutionary literature that was concerned with upbringing and education, all prerevolutionary mathematics textbooks, all anthologies of Russian literature, collections of pieces for recitation, oral public reading and narrations from the local public libraries to central and pedagogical libraries (Kova?ly 17). On the other hand, Adolf Hitler being an arde nt militarist, during his rule rejected democracy terming it a bankruptcy and promoted an authoritarian form of politics based on the leadership principle. He was of the belief that war was a crucial test of a nation’s vigor and the defeat of Germany in 1918 was not the result of military failure but rather the product of the diseased condition of the German society in general, (Hitler 513). The corruption and weakness that was evident in the country was caused by the diabolical machinations of the Jewish people, whom Hitler had portrayed as a degenerate race engaged in an international conspiracy designed to destroy the national principle binding the German people together as a â€Å"master race† and Hitler then offered himself as the leader of the revitalized militantly nationalist Germany purged of all those who would weaken or diminish the racial purity of the German people. Hitler’s thoughts were centered along an obsessive preoccupation with racial â€Å" hygiene† which according to him was a basis of national strength. According to Hitler (517), the Jewish people with all their apparent intellectual qualities are nevertheless without any culture of their own and the sham culture which the Jew possess today is the property of other people and is mostly spoiled in their hands. He furthers the opinion that the state is a means to an end, and